TAOCP 7.1.1 Exercise 61

The statement claims that for any Boolean binary operation $\circ$ in Table 1, the identity x \circ (yz) \;=\; (w \lor x)(w \lor y)(w \lor z) holds for some fixed Boolean value $w$ depending only on $...

Section 7.1.1: Boolean Basics

Exercise 61. [13] [13] True or false: If any one of the Boolean binary operations in Table 1, we have the distributive law $x \circ (yz) = \langle w \lor x \rangle \langle w \lor y \rangle \langle w \lor z \rangle$.

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Solution

The statement claims that for any Boolean binary operation $\circ$ in Table 1, the identity

$$ x \circ (yz) ;=; (w \lor x)(w \lor y)(w \lor z) $$

holds for some fixed Boolean value $w$ depending only on $\circ$.

It suffices to disprove this claim by exhibiting a single operation $\circ$ for which no choice of $w$ makes the identity valid for all $x,y,z \in {0,1}$.

Take $\circ$ to be left projection $\mathsf{L}$ from Table 1, so

$$ x \mathsf{L} t = x $$

for all $x,t$. Then

$$ x \circ (yz) = x. $$

Assume there exists $w \in {0,1}$ such that

$$ x = (w \lor x)(w \lor y)(w \lor z) $$

for all $x,y,z \in {0,1}$.

Set $x=0$. Then

$$ 0 = (w \lor 0)(w \lor y)(w \lor z). $$

If $w=1$, then $(w \lor 0)(w \lor y)(w \lor z)=1$, contradicting the equation $0=1$.

Hence $w=0$. Substituting $w=0$ yields

$$ x = x \cdot y \cdot z. $$

Set $x=1$. Then

$$ 1 = y z. $$

Choosing $y=0$ and $z=0$ gives $yz=0$, contradicting $1=0$.

Both choices of $w$ lead to contradiction, so no such $w$ exists for $\circ = \mathsf{L}$.

Since the claim is asserted to hold for every binary operation in Table 1, it is false.

This completes the proof. ∎